Saturday, July 21, 2012

EGYPTIAN INFLUENCE ON GREEK PHILOSOPHY (Part 1)


George G.M. James wrote a book entitled Stolen Legacy: The Egyptian Origins of Western Civilization. According to Barnes & Noble:

"Western Philosophy and Civilization did not begin in ancient Greece, as is commonly assumed; many centuries before, the Ancient Egyptians began the very basis of Western European thought in Africa. With thorough research and the eye of a scholar, George James traces the evolution of Western and Hermetic philosophy in Egypt, and its migration to Europe through the Greeks."


From: Stolen Legacy: Greek Philosophy is Stolen Egyptian Philosophy by George G. M. James
The Journal of Pan African Studies 2009 eBook: http://www.jpanafrican.com/ebooks/eBook%20Stolen%20Legacy.pdf

An excerpt:

Introduction
Characteristics of Greek Philosophy
The term Greek philosophy, to begin with is a misnomer, for there is no such philosophy in
existence. The ancient Egyptians had developed a very complex religious system, called the
Mysteries, which was also the first system of salvation.
As such, it regarded the human body as a prison house of the soul, which could be liberated from
its bodily impediments, through the disciplines of the Arts and Sciences, and advanced from the
level of a mortal to that of a God. This was the notion of the summum bonum or greatest good, to
which all men must aspire, and it also became the basis of all ethical concepts. The Egyptian
Mystery System was also a Secret Order, and membership was gained by initiation and a pledge
to secrecy. The teaching was graded and delivered orally to the Neophyte; and under these
circumstances of secrecy, the Egyptians developed secret systems of writing and teaching, and
forbade their Initiates from writing what they had learnt.
After nearly five thousand years of prohibition against the Greeks, they were permitted to enter
Egypt for the purpose of their education. First through the Persian invasion and secondly through
the invasion of Alexander the Great. From the sixth century B.C. therefore to the death of
Aristotle (322 B.C.) the Greeks made the best of their chance to learn all they could about
Egyptian culture; most students received instructions directly from the Egyptian Priests, but after
the invasion by Alexander the Great, the Royal temples and libraries were plundered and
pillaged, and Aristotle's school converted the library at Alexandria into a research centre. There
is no wonder then, that the production of the unusually large number of books ascribed to
Aristotle has proved a physical impossibility, for any single man within a life time.
The history of Aristotle's life, has done him far more harm than good, since it carefully avoids
any statement relating to his visit to Egypt, either on his own account or in company with
Alexander the Great, when he invaded Egypt. This silence of history at once throws doubt upon
the life and achievements of Aristotle. He is said to have spent twenty years under the tutorship
of Plato, who is regarded as a Philosopher, yet he graduated as the greatest of Scientists of
Antiquity. Two questions might be asked: (a) how could Plato teach Aristotle what he himself
did not know?; and (b) why should Aristotle spend twenty years under a teacher from whom he
could learn nothing?

Thursday, July 19, 2012

FREEDOM IN AMERICA: MAROON SOCIETIES

Maroon societies are a reminder that Blacks were able to survive and thrive in the New World despite being harassed, hunted, and attacked.

FROM: http://www.nps.gov/subjects/ugrr/discover_history/maroon-slave-societies.htm




In many ways, the colonial era presented enslaved Africans with more opportunities to escape than did the more settled and legally restrictive American society of the nineteenth century.  More runaways before the American Revolution than afterward may have tried to form maroon societies.  Large sections of all the colonies were uninhabited by whites.  Vast tracks of forests and swamps, not yet claimed and settles, offered deep cover for runaways.  Colonies were only just beginning to develop laws to protect slaveholders.
Bald cypress trees
 Maroon societies were bands of communities or fugitive slaves who had succeeded in establishing a society of their own in some remote areas, where they could not easily be surprised by soldiers or slave catchers.  Maroon societies had several degrees of stability.  At the least stable end would be gangs of runaway men who wandered within a region, hiding together, and who sustained themselves by raids.  Other, more stable societies included men and women and might have developed trade with outsiders.  Some maroon societies felt safe enough to plant crops and maintain some semblance of permanency.

By the time of the American Republic, such refuges were fewer.  Native Americans, themselves retreating in the face of Anglo settlement into their homelands, already inhabited the North American backcountry.  Florida and the Texas-Mexico border had several active communities, as did Louisiana, before its acquisition by the United States.  In 1783, the Spanish governor of Florida offered freedom to slaves who escaped from the British colonies.  Spain, fearful of British land claims, made this appeal to try and destabilize British colonies.  After this edit, slaves ran away in groups to St. Augustine and nearby Florida villages.  In response, slave-owners organized slave patrols over land and water.  Many of the Florida village’s slaves escaped to also contained remnants of Southeastern Indian tribes, gathered together for survival.  This group later became known as the Seminoles. 
Fugitive Slaves in the Dismal Swamp, Virginia, David Edward Cronin, 1888, oil on canvas, on display at the New-York Historical Society.
The Great Dismal Swamp, Okefenokee, and other sites were also briefly home to bands of runaways, some of whom left after a period and other who planned to stay on and out of sight. Perhaps the most famous fugitive outpost was Fort Negro, occupied by the British until the end of the War of 1812.  Freedom seekers occupied the fort after the British departure had used it as a base to harass slave owners.  This threat to slavery did not last long.  American troops led by General Andrew Jackson destroyed the outpost in 1816, killing or enslaving all inhabitants.





There are some books on the subject reviews at:

Wednesday, July 18, 2012

NOK CULTURE -- WESTERN AFRICA

The awareness of different African cultures throughout history is Black Heritage and world heritage.

A video about Nok Culture: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVT--v-fAKw


FROM: http://nokculture.com/



Welcome to Nok, fountain of wealth and unique artifacts. The Nok Culture civilization was discovered in 1928. The first discoveries was  accidentally unearthed at a level of 24 feet in an alluvial tin mine in the vicinity of the village of Nok in Jaba Local Government  in the southern part of Kaduna state,   near the Jos Plateau region which lies in the  central part of Nigeria in west Africa .  As a result of natural erosion and deposition, Nok terracottas were scattered at various depths throughout the Sahel grasslands, causing difficulty in the dating and classification of the mysterious artifacts.
Luckily, two archaeological sites, Samun Dukiya and Taruga, were found containing Nok art that had remained unmoved. Radiocarbon and thermo-luminescence tests narrowed the sculptures’ age down to between 2000 and 2500 years ago, making them some of the oldest in West Africa.
Because of the similarities between the two sites, archaeologist Graham Connah believes that "Nok artwork represents a style that was adopted by a range of iron-using farming societies of varying cultures, disputing the claim of solely being the diagnostic feature of Nok people.It is however a statement of fact that ,the Nok Terracotta fugurines  earned it’s name due to the Nok civilization that  inhabited the area from around 500 BC in the  village of Nok in Jaba Local Government  in the southern part of Kaduna state,  which lies in the  central part of Nigeria in west Africa . The Nok culture was considered to be the earliest sub-Saharan producer of life-sized Terracotta. The refinement of this culture is attested to by the image of a Nok dignitary figurine. Most parts of the terracotta is preserved in the form of scattered fragments. That is why Nok art is well known today only for the heads, both male and female, whose hairstyles are particularly detailed and refined. The statues are in fragments because the discoveries are usually made from alluvial mud, in terrain made by the erosion of water. The terracotta statues found there are hidden, rolled, polished, and broken. Rarely are works of great size conserved intact making them highly valued on the international art market. The terracotta figures are hollow, coil built, nearly life sized human heads and bodies that are depicted with highly stylized features, abundant jewellery, and varied postures.

Tuesday, July 17, 2012

AFRICANS DISCOVER IMMUNIZATION PROCEDURE



"In May of 1771, Dr. Zabdiel Boylston successfully used small-pox inoculations to treat a smallpox epidemic responsible for 844 deaths in the Boston area. Boylston was encouraged to experiment with the inoculation by Reverend Cotton Mather, who had learned of immunization from Onesimus, his slave. Onesimus had described to Mather the manner in which his people would deliberately infect themselves to establish immunity to the virus. Boyleston used Onesimus' method of inoculation on his son, Thomas, and two slaves. He later inoculated as many as 240 others, of whom 6 actually contracted the disease." -- From Black Saga: The African American Experience by Charles M. Christian 

Monday, July 16, 2012

ANCIENT AFRICA TIMELINE: THE FIRST 201,000 YEARS


Ancient Africa Timeline from 

Timeline Help


"Ancient Africa timeline part 1 of 22 from 60,000 BCE to 633 BCE at Timeline Help. First the reasons why I designed this world event chronology. Africa is the second largest of the seven world continents world, full of colored cultures and an interesting history. More than 680 million people live there, almost 15 percent of the global population.
Africa is considered to be birthplace of the modern human beings. And that's where my extended Ancient Africa timeline starts ..."

- 60,000 BCE - 200,000 BCE

- 25,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE

- 6000 BCE - 4000 BCE




- 5000 BCE

- 3200 BCE


- 2750 BCE


- 2686 BCE - 2134 BCE

- 2630 BCE - 2611 BCE

- 2589 BCE - 2566 BCE

- 2575 BCE - 2551 BCE

- 2528 BCE - 2520 BCE

- 2520 BCE - 2494 BCE

- 2494 BCE - 2472 BCE

- 2472 BCE - 2467 BCE

- 2046 BCE - 1995 BCE

- 2030 BCE - 1640 BCE

- 1570 BCE - 1070 BCE

- 1370 BCE - 1330 BCE

- 1343 BCE - 1325 BCE

- 1200 BCE - 800 BCE

- 1000 BCE - 800 BCE


- 982 BCE

- 712 BCE

- 633 BCE - 530 BCE
Early homo sapiens in central Africa.

Cave rock paintings.

River People in Niger and Congo.
Cyclopean masonry in central Africa.
Predynastic settlements along the Nile borders and southwestern Egypt.

Ancient Nubian people in central Sudan.

Upper and Lower Egypt united.
Pharaoh Narmer rules Egypt.

The Step Pyramid of Djoser build in Memphis' necropolis at Saqqara.

Old Kingdom of Egypt.

Pharao King Djoser.

Pharao King Khufu.

Pharao King Sneferu.

Djedefra rules Egypt.

Pharao King Khafra.

Pharao King Menkaura

Pharao King Shepseskaf.

Pharaoh Mentuhotep II.

Middle Kingdom of Egypt.

New Kingdom of Egypt.

Pharaoh Queen Nefertitit.

Pharaoh King Tutankhamen.

Phoenicians in North Africa.

Bantu migration from southern Africa to the Sahara Desert.

Menelik I Ethiopia's first Ancient Emperor.

Pharaoh King Piankhi rules Egypt.

Phoenician colonies in the Western Sahara region.
- 500 BCE - 200 BCE

- 500 BCE


- 450 BCE


- 334 BCE - 323 BCE

- 323 BCE - 283 BCE

- 300 BCE - 100


- 300 BCE

- 264 BCE - 241 BCE


- 247 BCE - 183 BCE

- 218 BCE - 201 BCE

- 196 BCE

- 149 BCE - 146 BCE

- 69 BCE - 30 BCE

- 47 BCE

- 189 - 199

- 250 - 710

- 270

- 300


- 400 - 1200

- 600 - 1000

- 600 - 1500


- 622

- 639 - 641


- 700 - 800

- 700 - 1911

- 710


- 740 - 1492


- 750 - 1240

- 750 - 1076

- 1000
Ancient Nok culture in Nigeria.

Greeks establish colonies along the coast of the Red Sea.

Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator explores the northern African coast.

Conquests of Alexander the Great.

Pharao King Ptolemy I Soter rules Egypt.

The Ancient Kingdom of Axum or The Aksumite Empire in northeastern Africa.

Nubian capital of Mero is founded.

First of the Three Punic Wars in Ancient Africa Timeline 2 between Carthage and Rome.

Hannibal rules Carthage and invades Italy.

Second Punic War.

The Rosetta Stone created, and found in 1799.

Third Punic War, Carthage is destructed.

Pharaoh Queen Cleopatra VII rules Egypt.

Fire destroys the Great ancient library of Alexandria.

Pope Victor I, the African pope.

The Ethiopian Kingdom of Axum.

The Vandals establish a kingdom in North Africa.

Axum conquers southern Arabia.
Parts of North Africa are converted to Christianity.

Medieval Ghana Kingdom.

Bantu people migrates to southern Africa.

Slave trade from central to northern African continent.

Prophet Muhammad travels from Mecca to Medina.

Islamic Khalif Omar conquers Egypt and Persi, and controls East African trade towns.

Islamic conquest of North Africa.

Arabs trade slaves on the African continent.

Arabs invade and destroy the Ancient Kingdom of Axum.

Islamicized African Moors invade southern Spain, and rule until the fall of Granada.

The Soninke Empire of Ghana.

Kingdom of Ghana or Wagadou Empire.

City of Timbuktu founded in Mali.

Sunday, July 15, 2012

THINK AND GROW RICH-DENNIS KIMBRO

THINK AND GROW RICH-DENNIS KIMBRO VIDEO



A book well worth reading. Below are a couple of youtube videos where Dr. Dennis Kimbro summarizes his book and gives his philosophy of success.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKrSDb3mCWk followed by
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=pYY0r0k2GcU

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlwYMEEsPg0&feature=relmfu

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Saturday, July 14, 2012

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT EGYPT? (Easy)

Black Heritage Quiz 1

This quiz is primarily about Ancient Egypt

  1. Egyptian Leaders were called:

  2. President
    Pharoah
    Big Chief
    Boss Man

  3. Egypt is on what continent?

  4. America
    Asia
    Africa
    Egypt is a continent

  5. You can find this in Egypt:

  6. Pyramids
    Sphinx
    Nile
    All of the above

  7. What DIDN'T Egypt develop?

  8. Mummification
    Surgery
    Astronomy
    Computers

  9. The affect of Egypt on Greece was:

  10. Insignificant
    Profound
    Unsubstantiated
    Exaggerated by most European scholars

Fantastic!