KARMAH AND KUSH

"Before the late 1970's scholars saw Karmah and Kush as little more than Egyptian colonial outposts. Racists beliefs that Black Africans were incapable of establishing advanced cultures and civilizations contributed to the misconception. Modern archaeologists have restored Karmah and Kush to their proper places among great cultures in world history. Although they borrowed from Egyptian culture, they were indigenous Black African societies  comparable to Egypt in importance, power, material wealth, and cultural development. The civilizations of Karmah and Kush occupied the Nile Valley between present-day Khartoum (in Sudan) and Aswan (in Egypt)."

from Africana: The Concise Desk Reference